Understanding IPV4 addressing scheme link

Understanding IPv4 link

• Length - 32 bits in the form of Binary Notation
• Decimal - 192.168.1.2
• Binary - 110000.1110000. ..
• Octet - a group of 8 bits

Public IPv4 address link

• there are two (2) main IPV4 address space are the public address space and the private address space

• The Primary difference between both address spaces is the public IPV4 addresses are routable on the Internet

• any device which requires communication other devices on the internet will need to be assigned a public IPv4 address on its interface which is connected to the internet

Private IPv4 Address link

• There are three 3 classes of private IPv4 address which are allocated for private use only this means within private network such as a local area network (LAN)

• The benefit of using the private address space (RFC 1918 ) , the classes are not unique to any particular orgnization or group

• they can be used within an organization or a private network however on the internet the public IPv4 address is unique to device

Subnet Mask link

• For every IP address there’s an accompanying subnet mask. this address is used to define the following

  • the subnet mask is used to indicate the network and host portion of an IP address

  • The subnet mask is used to determine the number of available IP addresses on a network

  • if two(2) or more devices such as computers are communicating over multiple networks the subnet mask of each device determines if a computer should send the packet to the default gateway/router or not

• each IPV4 address class has their own default subnet mask

• an IP address such as 10.10.10.1 which is a private class A address , will use the subnet mask of 255.0.0.0

• another example we can use is the address , 191.5.4.6 which is a public class B address thetefore thus address will use default subnet mask of 255.255.0.0

Types of IPV4 addresses link

• Loopback

  • more commanoly identified as only 127.0.0.1 these are special address used by a host to direct traffic to itself
  • Ranges from 127.0.0.1 to 127.255.255.254

• Link-Local

  • More commonly known as the automatic private IP addressing (APIPA) addessed they are used by winodows DHCP client to self-configure in the event that there are no DHCP severs available
  • Range from 169.254.0.1 to 169.254.255.254

• TEST-NET

  • these addresses are set aside for teaching and learning purposes and can be used in documentation and network examples
  • Ranges from 192.0.2.0 to 192.0.2.255